1. Umlando wemvelaphi yeamagilavu alahlwayo
Ngo-1889, amagilavu amabili okuqala alahlwayo azalwa ehhovisi likaDkt. William Stewart Halstead.
Amagilavu alahlwayo ayethandwa phakathi kodokotela abahlinzayo ngoba ayengagcini nje ngokuqinisekisa ubuciko bodokotela ohlinzayo ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, kodwa futhi athuthukisa kakhulu inhlanzeko nokuhlanzeka kwendawo yezokwelapha.
Ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo zesikhathi eside, amagilavu alahlwayo nawo atholakala ehlukanisa izifo ezitholakala egazini, futhi lapho ukugqashuka kwe-AIDS kwenzeka ngo-1992, i-OSHA yengeza amagilavu alahlwayo ohlwini lwemishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu.
2. Ukuvala inzalo
Amagilavu alahlwayobazalelwa embonini yezokwelapha, futhi izidingo zokuvala inzalo zamagilavu ezokwelapha ziqinile, ngalezi zindlela ezimbili ezivamile zokuvala inzalo.
I-1) I-Ethylene oxide inzalo - ukusetshenziswa kokwenziwa inzalo kwezokwelapha kobuchwepheshe be-ethylene oxide inzalo, engabulala wonke ama-microorganisms, kuhlanganise nezinhlamvu zebhaktheriya, kodwa futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukunwebeka kweglavu awonakalisiwe.
2) Ukwenziwa inzalo kwe-Gamma - ukuvala inzalo ngemisebe kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokusebenzisa imisebe kazibuthe ekhiqizwe amaza kagesi ukubulala amagciwane ezintweni eziningi, ukuvimbela noma ukubulala amagciwane ngaleyo ndlela kufinyelelwe izinga eliphezulu lokuvala inzalo, ngemva kokuba inzalo ye-gamma yamagilavu ngokuvamile iba nombala omncane ompunga.
3. Ukuhlukaniswa kwamagilavu alahlwayo
Njengoba abanye abantu bengezwani ne-latex yemvelo, abakhiqizi bamagilavu bahlala benikeza izixazululo ezihlukahlukene, okuholela ekuthathweni kwezinhlobonhlobo zamagilavu alahlwayo.
Zihlukaniswa ngezinto ezibonakalayo, zingahlukaniswa zibe: amagilavu e-nitrile, amagilavu e-latex, amagilavu e-PVC, amagilavu e-PE ...... Kusukela kumkhuba wemakethe, amagilavu e-nitrile kancane kancane ajwayelekile.
4. Amagilavu ampushana kanye namagilavu angewona umpuphu
Impahla eluhlaza eyinhloko yamagilavu alahlwayo irabha yemvelo, enwebekayo futhi evumelana nesikhumba, kodwa kunzima ukuyigqoka.
Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, abakhiqizi bengeze i-talcum powder noma i-lithopone spore powder emishinini yamagilavu ukuze kube lula ukuxebuka amagilavu ekubunjweni kwesandla futhi baxazulule nenkinga yokunikela okunzima, kodwa lezi zimpushana ezimbili zingabangela izifo zangemva kokuhlinzwa.
Ngo-1947, impushana yezinga lokudla eyayimuncwa kalula ngumzimba yathatha indawo ye-talc kanye ne-lithospermum spore powder futhi yasetshenziswa ngobuningi.
Njengoba izinzuzo zamagilavu alahlwayo zacutshungulwa kancane kancane, indawo yokufakwa kwesicelo yanwetshwa ekucutshungulweni kokudla, ukufuthwa, igumbi elihlanzekile nezinye izinkambu, futhi amagilavu angenayo impushana aqala ukuduma.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-ejensi ye-FDA ukuze igweme ukuba namagilavu ayimpushana ezimweni ezithile zezokwelapha kuletha izingozi zezokwelapha, i-United States ivimbele ukusetshenziswa kwamagilavu oyimpushana embonini yezokwelapha.
5. Ukususwa kwempushana usebenzisa i-chlorine wash noma i-polymer coating
Kuze kube manje, amagilavu amaningi ahlutshiwe emshinini weglavu ayimpuphu, futhi kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokususa impushana.
1) Ukugeza i-chlorine
Ukugeza i-chlorine ngokuvamile kusebenzisa isisombululo segesi ye-chlorine noma i-sodium hypochlorite ne-hydrochloric acid ukuhlanza amagilavu ukuze kuncishiswe okuqukethwe kwempushana, futhi kunciphise ukunamathela kwendawo yemvelo ye-latex, okwenza amagilavu agqoke kalula.Kuhle ukusho ukuthi ukugeza nge-chlorine nakho kunganciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-latex yemvelo kwamagilavu futhi kunciphise amazinga okungezwani komzimba.
Ukukhishwa kwe-chlorine wash powder kusetshenziswa kakhulu amagilavu e-latex.
2) I-polymer enamathela
Izingubo ze-polymer zifakwa ngaphakathi kwamagilavu anama-polymers anjengama-silicone, ama-acrylic resins nama-gel ukumboza impushana futhi enze amagilavu agqoke kalula.Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziselwa amagilavu e-nitrile.
6. Amagilavu adinga umklamo welineni
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukubamba kwesandla akuthinteki lapho ugqoke amagilavu, ukwakheka kwendawo ye-hemp ebusweni begilavu kubaluleke kakhulu:.
(1) indawo yesundu kancane i-hemp - ukuhlinzeka ngokubamba komsebenzisi, ukunciphisa ithuba lephutha lapho kusetshenziswa imishini.
(2) indawo ye-hemp yomunwe - ukuthuthukisa ukuzwela kweminwe, ngisho namathuluzi amancane, ukwazi ukugcina ikhono elihle lokulawula.
(3) Ukuthungwa kwedayimane - ukuhlinzeka ngokubamba okuhle kakhulu okumanzi nokomile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kokusebenza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-09-2022